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Главная » 2011»Январь»20 » Изобретена компьютерная память со сроком службы 100 тысяч лет
Изобретена компьютерная память со сроком службы 100 тысяч лет
11:30
В США физики Пенсильванского университета
разработали крошечные микрочипы, способные хранить данные в течение
поистине астрономического промежутка времени - ста тысяч лет.
Помимо этого микроскопические чипы обладают способностью обмениваться
данными с другими устройствами в тысячу раз быстрее, чем обычная
flash-память, тратя при этом намного меньше энергии.
Диаметр
устройства, имеющего цилиндрическую форму и собранного при помощи
нанотехнологий, составляет всего сто атомов. Объем памяти, судя по
всему, пока что не слишком велик, но, как обещают инженеры, это только
начало.
Важной особенностью новых чипов является и то, что их
создатели, по сути, отказались от традиционного кремния (он
используется лишь в качестве подложки чипа). Основу памяти составляют
внедренные в подложку цилиндрические структуры теллурида германия,
обладающие способностью самосборки.
В зависимости от химического
воздействия особыми реагентами на молекулы вещества теллурид германия
способен принимать два состояния: кристаллическое и аморфное. Именно
эта способность и позволяет записывать в его структуру информацию:
аморфная фаза служит условным нулем, кристаллическая - единицей. Каждые
несколько групп атомов, составляющих наноструктуру, таким образом,
хранят один бит информации.
Новая память является
энергонезависимой: при отсутствии электрического тока, воздействующего
на химические реагенты, она способна хранить данные неограниченно
долго. Создатели предположили - сто тысяч лет, хотя на деле эта
величина может оказаться гораздо больше. Из-за микроскопического
размера наноструктур улучшаются еще два важных показателя работы чипов:
повышается скорость считывания и записи информации, а также понижаются
энергозатраты. На запись каждого бита требуется всего 0,7 мВт.
Впрочем,
ряд экспертов сомневаются в том, что новые чипы позволят хранить данные
действительно тысячелетиями. Ведь молекулы - структуры нестабильные:
они реагируют на изменения температуры, электромагнитные поля и т.д. А
поскольку размер кодирующих информацию элементов ничтожно мал, то
погрешности при таком грубом воздействии на блоки памяти будут
катастрофическими. Так что о надежности такого рода памяти, возможно,
говорить пока рано.
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